Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner Free Essays

Abel Girma Mr. Fortunate English Language and Literature IB Y1 04 September 2012 Word Count: 1087 The Consciousness of Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose For Emily† â€Å"Then we saw that in the subsequent cushion was the space of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and inclining forward, that black out and imperceptible residue dry and harsh in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-silver hair† read the last lines of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, a short story composed by the American writer and Nobel Prize laureate William Faulkner, distributed in 1931. We will compose a custom paper test on Imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now These final words put a stunning and rather upsetting end to this piece delineating the unusual existence of Emily Grierson, and her obstinate refusal to adjust to changes throughout her life, living in her own non-changing world. Different images are utilized all through the content in spite of the fact that Faulkner didn't utilize any sort of cognizant imagery. The legitimacy of this case lies in his Nobel Prize in Literature acknowledgment discourse, his memoir and his meeting on the importance of â€Å"A rose for Emily†. Emily Grierson is depicted as â€Å"A fallen monument† from the earliest starting point of the story as the storyteller begins to portray the formal methodology following her passing. Before long, her home, a â€Å"house that had once been white, embellished with domes and towers and looked over overhangs in the intensely lightsome style of the seventies. † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily) Is nearby sabotaged as â€Å"an blemish among blemishes † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily), attacked by the decaying and industrialized neighborhood that used to be an impressively rumored neighborhood during the 1970s. This is a fine case of imagery utilized in the content as it gives a notion of the willfulness wherein Emily, a southern lady has carried on with her life cut to the past and drenched in old southern customs. Additionally, the â€Å"Rose† in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an interesting image because of the way that it is never referenced all through the totality of the story. The understandings of the â€Å"Rose† are unbounded and begging to be proven wrong. It very well may be comprehended just like a rose of compassion Faulkner might want to devote to Emily for she had carried on with an irrefutably dreary existence of isolation and hopelessness. It can similarly be deciphered as a rose speaking to the adoration Emily frantically required in her life however never really discovered, seeing as a rose by and large represents love in many societies. In like manner, another stun igniting and incontestably vital image in the story is bound to the keep going sentence, â€Å"the long strand of iron-silver hair†. These final words uncover the grisly good corruption where Emily carried on an extraordinary piece of her life, dozing close to the rotting body of Homer, the principal expected genuine romance in Emily’s life that chose to leave her not long after they began getting to know each other. The strand of hair represents the frequently sinful way which individuals cross in the journey for adoration. There is certifiably not an away from connection between's a large portion of the images and what they represent for them to have been a use of cognizant imagery. Besides Faulkner himself has determined that he doesn’t depend on deliberately utilizing imagery to channel his methods of reasoning as a creator. Adequately, William Faulkner glaringly denies utilizing any cognizant imagery. He clarifies: â€Å"I was just attempting to expound on individuals [†¦] it was no expectation of the author to state, Now let’s see, I’m going to compose a piece in which I will utilize an imagery [†¦]† (remove from the meeting â€Å"A Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). This citation further approves the contention that the imagery utilized by Faulkner was inadvertent. Beam Bradbury, one of the most famous American authors of the twentieth century clarifies his interpretation of this subject in a reaction to a letter from a multi year old understudy in 1963. The understudy needed to find out about the utilization of imagery in abstract works so Bradbury expressed that â€Å"I never deliberately place imagery in my composition. That would be a reluctant exercise and hesitance is crushing to any innovative demonstration. [†¦ ] The best imagery is consistently unsuspected and characteristic. Faulkner additionally depicts his fundamental enthusiasm as an author as being about â€Å"the human heart in strife with itself† (Nobel Prize acknowledgment discourse). In this way, his sole reason as an essayist conflicts with the demonstration of utilizing cognizant imagery. As needs be, in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, he tells the shocking, yet convincing story of Miss Emily Grierson’s inside clash in the quest for satisfaction and love that drives her to unconventional †even evil †acts. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† offers images with boundless understandings and in this manner demonstrates to a significant degree that the utilization of those images weren’t cognizant. Also, It would be contumelious not to concur with the creator when he prevents the utilization from securing cognizant imagery. Imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is reliably present and assumes a significant job in the conceivable readers’ translations of the story’s message. Nonetheless, the utilization of images in a scholarly work is inescapable and isn’t consistently a result of a cognizant demonstration. This implies the way that there is imagery in the content isn’t an inconsistency to the author’s beginning objective which is composing a minor apparition story roused by â€Å"a image of a strand of hair on the cushion in the deserted house. (Meeting on The Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). Therefore, the oblivious imageries inside the story give it advancement and profundity because of its readers’ understandings, not because of the shameless demonstration of forcing imagery upon them. The American creator Isaac Asim ov includes the response to the contention of the utilization of imagery in his reaction to a similar letter about from the multi year old understudy: â€Å"Consciously? Sky, no! Unwittingly? How might one maintain a strategic distance from it? † Faulkner didn't utilize cognizant imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Various utilizations of imagery are available in this short apparition story and they do hold a non-insignificant situation in the general importance of the piece dependent on each readers’ comprehension of them. All things considered, the scholarly virtuoso, William Faulkner didn't deliberately put these images as a way to pass on his message in an inactive way. In lieu of doing as such, he straight-forwardly composed a straightforward phantom story containing inescapable images. Actually, we may ask ourselves: how much is the cognizant utilization of imagery in writing so as to pass on message, proficient and compelling? The most effective method to refer to Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, Essay models

Bobby Sands essays

Bobby Sands papers Bobby Sands was conceived in 1954 in Rathcoole, a supporter network in North Belfast as the primary offspring of John and Rosaleen Sands. He was trailed by two sisters, Marcella and Burnadette, and a sibling, Sean. The principal long stretches of Bobbys life were spent qui ly at Abbots Cross in the Newtonabbey region of North Belfast. In any case, the counter Catholic mentalities raised their heads and the Sands family had to move in 1962 to another predominately Protestant ghetto in Belfast. Experiencing childhood in these territories prompted e nature of detest that most Catholics have being in the isolated territories of Belfast. Bobby had similar encounters, and had similar emotions. At fifteen years old, Bobby quit school and started function as a student mentor manufacturer and joined the national association of vehicle developers. In 1968, Bobby was constrained out of his activity because of hostile to Catholic disdain. His sister Burnadette says, Bobby went work one day and these colleagues were remaining there cleaning firearms. One individual said to him, Do you see these here, well, on the off chance that you dont youll get this. At that point Bobby found a note in his lunchbox instructing him to get out.1 These occasions would transform him In 1972, the Sands family had to move again when their home was offered to a Protestant couple without their concent. The family moved to a Catholic lodging settlement in West Belfast. It was here that Bobby initially found out about the IRA and signed up Bobbys life changed drastically. My life presently revolved around restless evenings and backups avoiding the Brits and quieting nerves to go out on tasks. In any case, the individuals remained by us. The individuals not just made the ways for their homes to loan us a h d however held nothing back from us. I discovered that without individuals we were unable to endure and I discovered that I owe them everything.1 In October of 1972, Bobby was captured. Four handguns were found in a house that he was staying at.... <!

Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership Free Essays

The aim of this study is to investigate the ‘Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership in a Pakistani Context ‘ . This examination will portray the impacts of various signifier of expert improvement on guidance and securing in Karachi, open and private Primary Secondary schools, using study methodological investigation. This part examines, the structure of the study incorporate a portrayal of research speculation, teacher and chief populace and tests, study instruments, educator and leader treatment processs, free factors, strategy utilized for total and mediation of informations, and the measurable methods utilized. We will compose a custom exposition test on Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now 3.1 RESEARCH Design: This exploration includes an unmistakable measurement inquire about review, looking into the bing achievements, properties and conduct. It portrays the improvement of coordination examination with the conduct of the LPI and the relationship among the factors of school proficient procurement networks. Two examination instruments, LPI and SPSLC were utilized for roll uping informations. During Aug and Sep 2006 an examination entitled Leadership Practice Inventory ( LPI ) was organized for school principals, in view of 30 separate articulations, alludes five of the examples, for example, Challenge the methodology, Inspire a Shared Vision, Model the Way, Enables others to Act, Encourage the Heart, in the record of the instrument. The announcements were unpredictably positioned inside the setting of the Likert Scales are as per the following: About Never, sometimes, Seldom, Sometimes, Normally, Very Frequently and Almost Always. The ( SPSLC ) School Professional Staff as a Learning Community will flexibly, a dread of teacher ‘s agonizing perceptual experience on proficient obtaining impacted by driving example stock rundown. The announcements delineating teacher ‘s perceptual encounters were coded using 17 types of five measurements. SPSLC marked as: diminish 1a Autocratic Style, 1b Participatory Management, diminish 2a Positive and Shared vision for staff, 2b Positive vision for researcher, 2c Positive Vision for Learning Process, diminish 3a Collective Learning and Share Information, 3b Consideration and Learning Issues of Staff, 3c Teaching and Non Teaching Issues, 3d Improvement and Implementation of Learning Staff, 3e Assessment and Revision of Teaching Staff, diminish 4a Vision and Observation of Classroom Teaching, 4b Class room Observation and Interaction of Learning Staff, diminish 5a Agreement of clasp for Staff Interacting, 5b School Condition and Capacity of Structure, 5c Staff Ã¢â‚¬Ë œs Communication and Trust, 5d Positive Relationship Among Staff, 5e Isolated and Collaborative conduct, stand foring every one of the 17 structures from the SPSLC. 3.2 SAMPLE Population: The number of inhabitants in this review included 20 specialists and 20 tuition based schools in Karachi. This was a gathering study of teachers and principals rehearsing in broad daylight and tuition based schools of Karachi, city domain specialists schools are incorporate. These schools had a joined aggregate of around 80 principals and 80 educators. The main example stock rundown ( LPI ) was approached to complete the survey to each take separating school head as a self image perceiver for their foundation. The school proficient staff as a procurement network ( SPSLC ) survey was filled by the take separating school teachers. 3.2 CENSUS INSTRUMENT ( a ) LEADERSHIP PRACTICE INVENTORY ( LPI ) : â€Å" The main example stock rundown ( LPI ) has its start in an examination undertaking Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner started in 1983 † . LPI is one of the most celebrated of the rack instrument which is utilized universe expansive by examine specialist looking into the of import properties and practices of driving. The significance and centrality of LPI can be judge simple by the way that it has the utilization of more than one million individuals everywhere throughout the universe since past two decennaries. The results which are driven from LPI have demonstrated it, a reliable and legitimate instrument used to mensurate driving effectivity. Moreover, the outcomes have other than indicated that driving achievements and practices can be simple comprehended and learned. An instrument is viewed as a decent, on the off chance that it has sound psychometric belongingss, the result ought to be trustworthy and substantial. The cogency of an instrument can be decided by its fact of predicting an open introduction. LPI has two cogencies for example menu and prognostic. Toll cogency shows that the results are fundamentally corresponded with open introduction steps and can be utilization to predict effectivity of driving examples simple. This instrument is involved 30 articulations to quantify, the five examples of model driving model and the LPI contributed adequately to our fear of the main system and in the turn of events and releasing of driving capablenesss. The verification of LP can be decided by look intoing the tonss of LPI among high and low acting advances. This curious issue was inspected by actualizing preference investigations as order procedure to discover the outcome of LPI tonss on bunch executives which are arranged under army open introduc tion based classs. The open introduction classs of the executives on LPI eyewitness pioneer ‘s adequacy graduated table can be framed by puting the most noteworthy and the least tierce of the chief in an example populace. ( B ) SCHOOL PROFESSIONAL STAFF AS A LEARNING COMMUNITY ( SPSLC ) â€Å" The school proficient staff as a securing network ( SPSLC ) was created by Dr. Shirley Hord ( 1997 ) of the south west Regional Educational Development Laboratory, in simultaneousness with the staff of the Appalachia Educational Laboratory. Initially planned as an evaluation apparatus for a school that reexamined itself more than a few mature ages, the SPSLC was made to â€Å" measure all inclusive the adulthood of a schools proficient staff as a securing network. † ( Mohan and Iestsky A ; Sattes ; 997, p. 4 ) . The SPSLC will demo informations on the authoritative picture of the school an area from the spot of the staff individuals. This data will be utilized in building up a coordination investigation with the conduct of the LPI. Further more, it will gracefully an anxiety of educator ‘s agonizing perceptual encounters on proficient securing as impacted by driving examples. This survey is staying of 17 structures assembled in to five significant elements of expert obtaining networks. â€Å" The field-testing on the SPSLC was led by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory verifying that the instrument was reliable in recognizing modules of 20 one schools â€Å" in footings of their adulthood as learning networks. † ( Meehan or Iestysky A ; Sattes, 1997, p. 4 ) . Perceptions and numerous medicines emphasize on the confidence of each kind of, which is an of import highlight of beneficial larning network to move in the direction of improvement. Numerous different characteristics required to chop down segregation among staff, for example, trust and respect, steady conditions, participation and coaction, expanding staff limit, providing a gainful domain, improving of viable conveying and shared individual examples by leaders and relatively escalated socialization strategies. Strong conditions play a unique capacity to advance staff individuals, which are non intrigued with the endeavor given by the association or chief. 3.3 INFORMED Consent: Every head and educator who consented to take divide in the examination study was given an educated assent signifier sing this exploration study. The educated assent signifier depicted the plan of the study, processs, potential dangers and expected advantages related with this exploration. Further, members were guaranteed unhesitatingly of the examination records. To the best of research laborer ‘s perception, the examination exercises associated with this review represented not any more mental risk of injury than members would find in each twenty-four hours life. 3.4 DATA COLLECTION AND RESEARCH PROCEDURE: To appreciate the wide vision of expert turn of events and the hypothetical record of school driving in a Pakistani setting, authorization was allowed to continue concentrate by Board of Advance Study and Research, University of Karachi. As the informations total processs requires, statistics instrument to be filled by the educators and school principals of grouped schools which are remembered for test populace. The populace comprises of 20 open and 20 non-public schools. Ten towns out of 20 were chosen from Karachi city including Gulshan town, Jamshed Town, Saddar Town, North Nazimabad Town, Shahfaisal Town, Liaqatabad Town, Gulberg Town, Lyari Town, Malir Town and Korangi Town. Out of these 10 towns, 40 schools were chosen among which 20 schools has a place with the private area and 20 were of specialists part. Analyst visited each school to carry on the investigation as the informations were intended to be gathered from learning staff and principals on a single balance, for that reason a few teachers requested a constrained clasp range to flexibly adequate input and some of them reacted flicker of an eye. An early on note, each piece great as a message of educated assent, sing the idea of this overview had been appeared to the principals, to take consent for the circulation of nose consider instruments as a real part of learning staff. The message of educated assent contained expound data about the examination laborer and the doctorial arrangement that was affirming this exploration undertaking was other than introduced by the exploration specialist alongside polls to every head. The managers and principals who consented to participate were asked to finis

Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Essay

Financial, Social, and Political Change Worksheet - Essay Example Changes in western legislative issues are fused, that spread over the area through connection in progressivism and network statements in spite of the restraint by traditionalists and the endeavor of political battle and realpolitiks. Following a move from means to business cultivating, in the start of the sixteenth century, there was improvement in domesticated animals the executives, just as presentation new pivots, which cleared in a route for more creation from customary to current practices in Agriculture (Bayliss-Smith &Wanmali, 1984). The previous open field frameworks had established the framework for the cultivating shift in Europe, however it was later supplanted by encased fields and progressively conservative homesteads, it was a piece of premise in upset. Most piece of Northern and Eastern Europe experienced mild climatic conditions, aside from the leveled fields and slopes that could contain further soils to help Agricultural transformation. The general public saw an extraordinary change in populace development following the gigantic creation of food. The death rate was high with the whole populace expanding at a higher rate than food creation. â€Å"In 1800, Europe had around 190 million individuals; by 1850, 250 million. By 1914, it had 460 million† (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, and Laue, 2009, p. 501). The modern transformation was at first ascribed to the populace development in the public eye which gave sufficient work power to deliver enough assets from agribusiness, to enterprises for preparing and assembling. Motorization likewise assumed its job, permitting the presentation of apparatuses, and further developed supplies for use in industrial facilities and cultivating; the steam motors were imagined to siphon water from the mines. Exchange escalated following interest of food and different items from the populace, which constrained modern insurgency in the locale and different pieces of the world. Between

Essay --

Intrigue Groups â€Å"Interest bunches association of individuals sharing regular targets who vigorously endeavor to impact government policymakers through immediate and aberrant methods†. J. M. Molins and A. Casademunt, Weight Groups and the Articulation of Interests, in West European Politics, No. 4, 1998 This structure is planned with the goal that intrigue gatherings would be a gadget of open effect on legislative issues to create changes, yet would not threaten the administration much. Regardless of whether this is as yet the case or not is a critical inquiry that we should discover. Intrigue bunches assume various jobs in the American political framework, for example, portrayal, support, training, and program checking. Portrayal is the reason that we see most every now and again and the capacity we routinely consider when we consider intrigue gatherings. Inclusion is another job that intrigue bunches play in our administration, which is while they encourage and bolster t he commitment of their individuals in the political procedure. Intrigue bunches likewise teach, by attempting to edify both open authorities and general society everywhere concerning issues of noteworthiness to them. Intrigue bunches likewise keep method of how projects are working in the field and attempt to impact government to make a move when inconveniences become clear when they screen programs. The customary intrigue bunches have been sorted out around a few type of financial beginning, be it corporate interests, partners, or associations. The quantity of business-arranged halls has created since the 1960s and keeps on developing. Open intrigue bunches have too developed very since the 1960s. Liberal gatherings began the pattern, however customary gatherings are currently similarly as normal, however a few gatherings... ...e Role of Local Government and Citizens in the Democratic Process, National Civic Review, vol. 85, no. 3, Fall 1996. Walk, J.G. and J.P. Olsen (1998): 'The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders,' 52:4 International Organization 943, Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, pp. 303-329) March, J.G. and J.P. Olsen (2000): 'Vote based system and Schooling,' in L.M. McDonnell, P.M. Timpane and R. Benjamin (eds), Rediscovering the Democratic procedure of Education, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, pp. 148-173 Olsen, J.P. (1997): 'Institutional Design in Democratic Contexts,' 5:3 The Journal Of Political Philosophy 203 Rokkan, S. (1999) (altered by P. Vegetation, with S. Kuhnle and D. Urwin): State Formation, Nation-Building and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan, Oxford: Oxford University Press

A Study of Step 12 of the 12-Step Programs

A Study of Step 12 of the 12-Step Programs More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use The last of the 12 Steps is to carry the message to others and to put the principles of the program into practice in every area of your life. For those in recovery programs, practicing Step 12 is simply how it works, as the founders of the fellowship discovered for themselves in those early days. Step 12Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these Steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs. As the history of Alcoholics Anonymous so clearly indicates, it was working with others who were still suffering that kept Bill W. and Dr. Bob sober. The same principle is true for all members of 12 step groups: to keep it you have to give it away. In Al-Anon, the step reads try to carry the message to others and in Alcoholics Anonymous it says to alcoholics. The principle is the same. In order to work all 12 of the steps, you must try to help others. Carrying the message to others, by sharing experience, strength, and hope  reinforces the spiritual principle of the twelve steps in the person being 12th-stepped as well as the one doing the sharing. If nobody was doing any 12th-step work, the program would simply cease to exist. Without the service work of those who came before, no members would be here now. But Step 12 also admonishes members to put the spiritual growth they have found to work not only within the fellowship but it all aspects of their livesâ€"to practice these principles in all your affairs. This too is doing 12th step work and makes the program work as one of attraction and not promotion. For many in the 12-step fellowships, working the 12th step is simply how it works. Living It to Give It Away Skip notes that when he made the call to AA, they were at his door in 15 minutes. As a newcomer, he would be in the AA clubroom when the phone rang and members would leap to answer it and run to go on the 12th-step call. After he was sober for awhile his sponsor would take him on 12th-step calls. When he started doing 12th-step calls on his own, he found he was getting too involved and nobody he was serving was getting sober. His sponsor had a long talk with him to explain that he was trying to save the world and that he needed to remember to carry the message, not the body. He learned that he couldnt sober up the whole world and that all he could do was to carry the message, the rest is up to the alcoholic. He found that  the follow-up is an important part of a 12th-step call. Calling the person in a few days to see if they might want to  go to a meeting  with you shows that you are for real. Setting the Example Sox discovered that 12th-step work wasnt just going out to help the one who still suffers. It also included simply going to meetings and being seen there; making coffee; speaking up during comments; saying yes when asked to do service work or speak at a meeting; offering to give a ride to those who otherwise would not go to a meeting; in short, 12th-step work is very much setting the example. Avoiding Enabling One challenge of Step 12 is avoiding the mistake of carrying the alcoholic instead of carrying the message. In  short,  dont rescue  the alcoholic  as it harms him in the long run. Page 96  of  the Big Book  says. He may be broke and homeless. If he is, you might try to help him about getting a job, or give him a little financial assistance. But you should not deprive your family or creditors of money they should have. Perhaps you will want to take the man into your home for a few days. But be sure you use discretion. Be certain he will be welcomed by your family, and that he is not trying to impose upon you for money, connections, or shelter. Permit that and you only harm him. You will be making it possible for him to be insincere. You may be aiding in his destruction rather than his recovery.

The Concept of the Journey in “Dharma” and “The Twenty-Seventh Man” - Literature Essay Samples

Within â€Å"Dharma† by Vikram Chandra and â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† by Nathan Englander, the concept of the journey forms the central structure around which the rest of the narrative is built. While the two stories are contextually very different—â€Å"Dharma† takes place in mid-1900s India, and â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† is set slightly earlier, in Stalin’s Russia—these dissimilarities prove inconsequential as the thematic unity between the two overcomes any superficial differences. Chandra’s â€Å"Dharma† and Englander’s â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† complement each other well, together validating the importance of the journey for story and character development using the stories’ shared elements of symbolism and meta. Symbolism in the two stories is abundant, as the authors draw on readers’ perceptions of the characters to attribute meaning to otherwise unremarkable things. In â€Å"Dharma†, one example of such is Jago Antia’s â€Å"bottle full of yellow pills† which he â€Å"[feels] in his pocket all day, against his chest† (Chandra 165). These yellow pills are medication for the pain Antia feels in his amputated leg, â€Å"a constant hum just below his attention† that keeps him from performing his duties as a commander with the focus and care that he requires of himself (165). The pills serve as a constant reminder to Antia of his weakness; his reliance on anything other than himself is a source of shame to him, despite the medical necessity of it. Serendipitously (although not for the characters concerned), reliance on a small yellow object is a relevant aspect of â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† as well. In Englander’s story, the yellow obje ct is the solitary bulb found in the cell where Pinchas Pelovits and his literary colleagues are imprisoned. Like Antia resents the pills for their hold over him, so do the men in the cell â€Å"hate the bulb for its control, such a flimsy thing† (Englander 257). â€Å"With [the] light [comes] relief† for the prisoners, and they despise their own vulnerability just as Antia does. It is difficult to distinguish disparate purposes of this symbolism, as both stories employ it to address their characters’ grudging reliance on something besides themselves. The purpose of the figurative language present in the two stories diverges, however, when animal imagery is utilized. In â€Å"Dharma†, Chandra uses simile to express Jago Antia’s pain â€Å"as a beast of some sort, a low growling animal that†¦came rushing out to worry at his flesh† (Chandra 165). This quote suggests that Antia is a victim of the pain he is experiencing, and implies a weakness in Antia that is otherwise denied in the story. Animals are unusually perceptive of vulnerability, and the animal attacking Antia metaphorically conveys the potential for chinks in the armor of this man, previously considered by his men to be â€Å"invincible†¦[with] his ramrod straightness† (163). In â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man†, Englander’s animal imagery is, li ke Chandra’s, used to describe the body. However, Englander takes a more humorous, general approach to his imagery, and focuses it primarily on Moishe Bretzky, a man who was â€Å"huge, slovenly, and smelly as a horse† (Englander 249). This comparison seems to serve little purpose other than to emphasize Bretzky’s physicality—he is later called a â€Å"giant bear† as well—and to provide details allowing the reader to distinguish him from the other authors in the story (249). The last major common element of these two short stories is meta, or the inclusion of storytelling within the story itself. In the case of â€Å"Dharma†, it is easy to forget that the entire narrative regarding Jago Antia is in fact a story told by a man called Subramaniam in â€Å"a small, whispery voice† to a bar full of men, including the true narrator, who sets up the primary account, that of Jago Antia, by providing first-person context for the tale (Chandra 163). This beginning grounds the story somewhat, giving it a base in reality, but at the same time seems to do the opposite, as the supposedly true story appears to resemble a fable or legend. Englander, on the other hand, derives his meta from the path Pinchas Pelovits’s story takes during its short lifespan. Pelovits’s tale is â€Å"a shooting star†¦[one] to be extinguished along with the teller† and is all the more beautiful and precious for it (Englander 260). Englander’s use of the story’s path to creation, brief life, and eventual demise, is certainly an element of meta, but also is an aspect of the concept of the journey that is so evident in both â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† and â€Å"Dharma†. The two short stories can both be described as stories within stories, and rather than featuring characters who come into themselves, they focus on the path that a story takes as it germinates from an idea into something capable of moving others. At the end of both short stories, the characters experience a moment of clarity, brought on by the fitting conclusions the stories featured in each reach.

To Kill A Kennedy - 954 Words

The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines a patsy as being â€Å"A person who is easily manipulated or victimized : pushover,† (www.merriam-webster.com). This is what Lee Harvey Oswald claimed he was when the Dallas Police Department arrested him on November 22, 1963 for suddenly assassinating President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Today, the vast majority of Americans believe Oswald’s words, claiming that there was more behind the tragic assassination than the United States government once portrayed. Many have disregarded everything the government had told the world and have come up with their own theories, forming the greatest conspiracy in the history of America, a conspiracy that the world is still butting heads about. With the assassination of President Kennedy, the United States government issued a report to settle down the country in it’s time of mass confusion; however, in the time span of fifty years, what seemed to be a simple event has become the most elabor ate conspiracy in our nations history. It was about fifty years ago, on November 22, 1963, when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas and one of the greatest conspiracies was born. As President Kennedy was riding a motorcade through the heart of the plaza, a series of deafening gunshots rang out, one striking him. Later that day, he was pronounced dead, sending the country into total depression. A week later, Lyndon B. Johnson, the new president, appointed the Warren Commision, aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Oswald Didnt Kill Kennedy1600 Words   |  7 PagesOswald Didnt Kill Kennedy â€Å"The Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, killed President Kennedy. Do you agree?† Contrary to the Warren Commission’s findings, Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, did not kill President John F. Kennedy. There are several crucial areas of evidence, which prove Lee Harvey Oswald did not kill the president. Numerous eyewitness accounts show that the shots came from the direction of the grassy knoll (Jack Hill), and not from the Texas SchoolRead MoreThe Mafia Did Not Kill John F. Kennedy1153 Words   |  5 PagesSince the death of John F. Kennedy many theories have evolved regarding the individual or individuals who killed the president. Conspiracy theorist, as well as average citizens, believes Lee Harvey Oswald did not kill the president, or that he was not the only person involved in the assignation. According to a 2005 poll 35.90% of the respondents believe someone other than Lee Harvey Oswald killed President Kennedy (http://forums.armageddononline.org/index.php) View Poll Results: Who killed JFKRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1431 Words   |  6 PagesAssassination of President John F. Kennedy â€Å"On Friday, November 22, 1963 just southwest of the intersection of Elm and Houston streets in Dallas, Texas, hundreds of people witnessed one of the most famous murders in recent history† (Waggoner 8) . His wife was with him and she tried to save him but he died on the way to the hospital. President Kennedy was only 46 years old when he got killed. His term of presidency lasted from 1961-1963 (Kreiser Par.) President Kennedy was married with 3 kids. â€Å"TheyRead MoreTheme Of Flash Fiction851 Words   |  4 Pagesby Chuck Rosenthal, and â€Å"Charlotte’s Back† by Sydney Kennedy, all include this theme of horror. Horror is this intense feeling of fear, shock, or disgust and many authors choice this feel for their stories because there is such a demand for it. We all have this built up fear and horror and movies and books include horror give us an away to release it. Many authors, like these three, choice to place horror into flash fiction. Flash fic Kennedy drew Franky Gorky’s name and personality from â€Å"The NicestRead MoreAlternative Theories to John F. Kennedys Assassination1675 Words   |  7 PagesDallas, Texas, John Kennedy hoped to gain support for the upcoming election. Kennedy, who was accompanied by his wife Jaqueline, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and Mrs. Johnson, Senator Ralph Yarborough of Texas, Governor John B. Connally, and Mrs. Conna lly was riding in an open car in a motorcade driving from Love Field airport to the Dallas Trade Mart (â€Å"Kennedy†). At 12:30 p.m. CST, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was shot (â€Å"Kennedy†). The fearless John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy seemed to knowRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassination Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kennedy Assassination President John F. Kennedy was travelling along a predetermined motorcade route in Dallas, Texas when he was fatally shot, receiving wounds to the chest, back, and head. Shortly after the assassination, Dallas police arrested former U.S. Marine Corps Private Lee Harvey Oswald. On November 24 of the same year, Jack Ruby, owner of a Dallas nightclub, shot Oswald. Less than a year after the two murders, on September 24, 1964, the Warren CommissionRead MoreAssassination Of Jfk. In The Assassination Attempt On John1345 Words   |  6 PagesAssassination of JFK In the assassination attempt on John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States of America, on 22 November 1963 in Dallas, Kennedy (1917-1963) was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald. As a suspect, Lee Harvey Oswald (1939-1963) was arrested and killed two days later by the nightclub owner Jack Ruby (1911-1967) in police custody. Kenny s successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, the Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the only culprit. A later convicted investigativeRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"JFK Blown Away, What Else Do I Have to Say?†- Billy Joel, â€Å"We Didn’t Start the Fire† How the CIA Killed JFK November 22nd, 1963: The assassination of President John F. Kennedy is an event in American history that will forever as one of the nation’s darkest days. The brutal murder of the President is seemingly terrible enough, but suspicious decisions of the federal government in regards to investigating the assassination alienated American youths from being able to trust the government, and isRead MoreA Brief Look at John F. Kennedy835 Words   |  4 Pagesterm of office was cut short by a belligerent man. John F. Kennedy or JFK would grow to become one of the United States’s smartest and youngest Presidents in history. Unfortunately for JFK his life and term as President was cut short after being assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. Although JFK did not serve a full term as President he affected our nation in many positive ways and was on the best presidents we ever had. John Fitzgerald Kennedy also known as â€Å"JFK† because of his initials was the 35thRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Othello1523 Words   |  7 PagesGreek philosopher, provides a more comprehensive definition of tragedy based on drama in a play. Kennedy Gioia gives us, Aristotle’s definition of a tragedy that says â€Å"is an imitation of action of high importance, complete and of some amplitude; in language enhanced by distinct and varying of beauties; acted not narrated; by means of pity and fear effecting its purgation of these emotions.† (Kennedy Gioia 905). Aristotle’s definition fits perfectly with William Shakespeare epic play, Othello

Learning framework Free Essay Example, 1250 words

3. Discuss the value that your role and personal attributes may add to your Organisation. Personally, I have over time developed strong communication skills, interpersonal skills and teamwork. I will therefore be working well with other employees as a team member and promote workplace civility through effective communication & relations with both my peers and others. I am very devoted to my work and as such will add value through good management and utilization of organisational resources. More importantly as an economics student, my knowledge especially on policies and analysis of data will be of great value to the organisation’s administrative function. 1. Your Co-operative Education Placement Organisation and the environment it operates in: including being critical enquirers and creative problem solvers, being able to make business decisions that take into account social, ethical, environmental and global dimensions and being engaged with business 1. Organisational Chat. On the chat above my role as an administrative assistant falls in the position of administrative assistants. 2. For each of your key tasks from Section 1, identify and discuss the type of the relationships you may have within your organisation when completing your tasks? We will write a custom essay sample on Learning framework or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In my first role of maintaining workflow through the analysis of methods, implementation of cost reductions and development of reporting protocols I will be interacting with organisation as both an employee and consultant. I will be both working and also suggesting best practices in the role. In my second role of assisting in the resolution of administrative issues I will be analysing data and preparing reports for the organisations. Finally in my third role I will be looking at the current procedures with the view of suggesting what can be eliminated, what can be improved and what can be added. Overall, I will be working closely with the rest of the team as well as my supervisors to ensure the work is completed effectively. 1. Identify and frame 6 questions that you will need to ask or research in order to develop your understanding of the internal relationships within the organisation and how they are managed. You should think about the practices, processes, systems and general t ools you consider your employer may use to manage internal relationships (e. g. organisational communication channels, structure, internal controls). (If, when you start your placement you discover your questions are not relevant, you must identify replacement questions to answer in your Portfolio Part 1).

The Treatment Of PTSD On Veterans - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2194 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Veterans Essay Did you like this example? Post-traumatic stress disorder also known as PTSD is a physiological condition caused by exposure to traumatic events in a humans life experience. This condition is mostly diagnosed to those recognized as veterans. They have lived their life to serve but experience lifes most traumatic events while doing their job. For example, have you ever had a bomb or many shots fired towards you while trying to save someone elses life, well they have, so any thing that triggers that can affect their whole life. Post-traumatic stress disorder affects veterans in many ways and it leaves them scarred with flashbacks from the event or events that traumatized them. According to one of the veterans returning from war said the following, The first time I experienced what I now understand to be post-traumatic stress disorder, I was in a subway station in New York City, and Id just come back from two months in Afghanistan I was on assignment to write a profile of Massoud, who fought a desperate resistance against the Taliban until they assassinated him two days before 9/11. At one point during my trip we were on a frontline position that his forces had just taken over from the Taliban, by the time I got home, though, I wasnt thinking about that or any of the other horrific things wed seen; I mentally buried all of it until one day, a few months later, when I went into the subway. Suddenly I found myself backed up against a metal support column, absolutely convinced I was going to die. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Treatment Of PTSD On Veterans" essay for you Create order There were too many people on the platform, the trains were coming into the station too fast, the lights were too bright, the world was too loud. I couldnt quite explain what was wrong, but I was far more scared than Id ever been in Afghanistan. I stood there with my back to the column until I couldnt take it anymore, I had no idea that what Id just experienced had anything to do with combat; I just thought I was going crazy. (Jonathan Franzen, pg 86) Post-traumatic stress disorder affects your behavior that is agitation where they are flooded with some sort of nervous excitement and anxiety, irritability, hostility, hypervigilance, self-destructive behavior, or social isolation. Then there is the Psychological side which includes flashback, fear, severe anxiety, or mistrust. It affects their Mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, guilt, or loneliness. And then is also often followed by insomnia or nightmares, emotional detachment or unwanted thoughts. These are the most common effects that post-traumatic stress disorder has on veterans and it can come in a various amount of intensity and then that causes for different types of treatment. The effects of post-traumatic stress disorder include the re-experiencing of the traumatic event that the victim experienced, it varies from having mental flashbacks, intrusive memories or bad dreams and this has a detrimental effect on the mentality of the victim. The other form of re-experiencing is physical memories; at times the body remembers what the mind forgot or the mind may just have shut down due to the intensity of the traumatic experience. Post-traumatic stress disorder doesnt just affect veterans but it affects their families too. They experience withdrawals from their friends and families and their loved ones dont always understand why they do what they do. Another post-traumatic stress disorder victim stated the following: I had classic short-term post-traumatic stress disorder. From an evolutionary perspective, its exactly the response you want to have when your life is in danger: you want to be vigilant, you want to react to strange noises, you want to sleep lightly and wake easily, you want to have flashbacks that remind you of the danger, and you want to be, by turns, anxious and depressed. Anxiety keeps you ready to fight, and depression keeps you from being too active and putting yourself at greater risk. This is the universal human adaptation to danger that is common to other mammals as well. It may be unpleasant, but its preferable to getting eaten. (Because post-traumatic stress disorder is so adaptive, many have begun leaving the word disorder out of the term to avoid stigmatizing a basically healthy reaction.) (Barbara Krasner, pg147) Post-traumatic stress disorder is a completely natural response to danger and it is unavoid able in the short term but it usually gets better in the long term. Around twenty percent of people who are exposed to a traumatic event get chronic post-traumatic stress disorder which usually ends up affecting the victim long term. Rape is a very traumatic experience to the victim but studies show that forty-seven percent of rape survivors have been able to recover enough to continue living their lives normally. Although combat can be very traumatic it is generally less traumatic than rape. Combat is mixed with positive experiences that are attached to the negative experiences that caused the victim to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and it is hard to separate the positive experiences from the negative experiences which in turn makes it easier to recover from. There for the therapy for rape and combat victims are also different just because with rape victims they usually dont have a part from the experience that they would like to retain where for combat vitamins they would want to keep some of the memories that come with their experienc e. According to David Marlowe that did a survey about the gulf war , combat veterans said that killing or even the witnessing of killing a enemy soldier was more traumatic that being self-wounded, but the most traumatic experience would be witnessing the killing of one of your friends in a war and they are usually harder to recover from and it triggers severe cases of post-traumatic stress disorder. Even though these experiences are traumatizing roughly eighty percent of victims recover from the events, although the victims recover from their traumatic experiences they never forget the memories of the experience. Treatment is very essential to all post-traumatic stress disorder victims but the treatment varies from all victims due to the different intensities of traumatic events. Traumatic event victims usually deal with a group of problems including, nightmares, intrusive memories, irritability, insomnia, hypervigilance, and emotional detachment. victims dealing with those Post Traumat ic Stress Disorder symptoms show changes in their social, emotional, and physical well-being. They find it difficult to continue with their normal lives and they find it hard to interact with their family and friends who do not understand what they are going through. Treatments have been making use and intergrading the use of high tech into the therapy sessions and the intergrading of virtual reality are becoming more common in these therapys, The belief in the therapeutic power of confronting the source of ones anxieties and fears is as old as the practice of psychotherapy itself. New technology, however, has given this a decidedly modern twist. While its easy to recreate the feared situation in therapy with a patient with a fear of heights or elevators, creating an opportunity for veterans to confront and gain mastery over their battlefield experiences has not been. Researchers at Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology were the first to create a Virtual Vietnam to treat veterans with PTSD. Over the years, they have developed this technology to create a 360-degree digital environment complete with the sights and sounds of a Middle East conflict zone, including gunfire noises, radio chatter, and aircraft flyovers. A vibrating ch air can even mimic the feeling of distant explosions or Humvee driving, all within the safe confines of the therapy office. During these treatment sessions, veterans are able to engage their senses in a more modulated, controlled, and secure way while gaining insights and new perspectives through talking about their experiences. This work has demonstrated some early and promising results from simple phobias to PTSD, including in some who had failed to respond to other treatments based on imaginal exposure. Virtual reality programs have been adapted for use with survivors of the World Trade Center or other terrorist attacks and even for motor vehicle accidents. Tetris: Forget Angry Birds, Tetris was the original addictive digital time-suck. Oxford University researchers claim that the colorful puzzle block game can serve as a cognitive vaccine against intrusive traumatic memories. In a series of experiments, researchers exposed non-clinical volunteers to graphic and traumatic film scenes. After the film, volunteers were assigned to either play Tetris, complete a Pub Quiz video game, or do nothing and asked to record any intrusive memories of the film images occurring to them throughout the week. Participants who played Tetris had significantly fewer intrusive memories than those who did not. The researchers propose that the visuospatial task of fitting Tetris blocks into incessantly growing piles uses up the brains visual resources and interferes with its ability to encode visual trauma memories that are the building blocks of symptomatic re-experiencing and flashbacks. Before you dust off that old Nintendo Game Boy, note that the findings are preliminary, without independent replication yet, and based on healthy undergrad volunteers exposed to video clips instead of actual trauma survivors. Still, this innovative and intriguing line of research points to the possibility of simple and proactive approaches to preventing or reducing PTSD development. Currently, there are only two FDA-approved medications for the treatment of PTSD [sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil)]. The evidence on the effectiveness of these anti-depressant medications and other medications used off-l abel for PTSD-related symptoms is limited and the medications often come with problematic side effects that many users find disagreeable. Instead, researchers are rounding up some unusual suspects and looking at new uses for some already well-known drugs. D-cycloserine (DCS): DCS is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which has been used in clinical trials to improve learning in rats and humans. DCS helps activate NMDA receptors in the brain which are associated with learning and memory formation. DCS-treated rats are able to learn fear extinction more quickly, taking far fewer trials to stop being afraid of a non-harmful stimulus (e.g. a flashing light) that they had once been taught to fear (by pairing the light with a loud noise, for example). While stress responses in traumatic situations such as combat are appropriate and even adaptive, the problem with PTSD is that extremely heightened fear responses continue to occur in non-life threatening situations (such as in a noisy restaurant or when a loud truck drives by). Exposure to non-threatening but anxiety-provoking situations offers a chance to regulate these fear responses, and DCS may accelerate this process. When used with therapeutic exposure sessions or virtual reality exposure, DCS seems to enhance treatment effectiveness for phobias and panic disorder and may do the same for PTSD (though very preliminary results are uncertain). MDMA: On the streets its known as Ecstasy, but in the research lab its known as 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA. This illegal recreational psychedelic party drug associated with raves and mind-numbing trance music is believed by some to have potential therapeutic benefits. After years of campaigning, researchers from the Medical University of South Carolina and the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies in California got the FDA and DEA to approve a small pilot clinical trial of MDMA administration for treatment resistant PTSD sufferers. Under close clinical monitoring and in conjunction w ith intensive psychotherapeutic engagement, 20 participants were randomized to two administrations of either MDMA or placebo. While the trial was extremely small and the results anything but conclusive, 83% of the MDMA group exhibited substantial treatment response compared to 25% in the placebo group. Distress tolerance therapies: One major aspect that differentiates PTSD from other normative reactions to traumatic experiences is the presence of emotional detachment/numbing/dissociation. The bodys emotional system seems to log off or anesthetize in an effort to cope with the overwhelming stress of traumatic events. Unfortunately, this shutting down can cause drastic consequences for everyday functioning. Therapies like Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, or Mindfulness approaches focus on reducing emotional avoidance, tolerating distressing affects, and engaging in life with full, focused and controlled attention and acceptance. Interpersonal and family therapies: While a number of standard PTSD psychotherapies prioritize exposure methods, some individuals are reluctant to unde rgo re-experiencing approaches or are turned off by such treatments. Not all psychotherapy for PTSD needs to be trauma-focused, however. Like most problems, PTSD occurs in a social context and comes with unique interpersonal costs and challenges. PTSD symptoms are related to intimate relationship troubles, relational detachment, and even interpersonal aggression. Social support is a strong buffer against the development of PTSD symptoms following a trauma, and couples and family-oriented interventions help individuals engage and enlist their families and social supports in recovery. These treatments can help rewrite dysfunctional family scripts and engender trust, agency, and security. Present-centered approaches focus on current adaptations to symptomatic problems while interpersonal therapy works on adapting to problematic role transitions following traumatic events or interpersonal role disputes with significant others at work or at home. The effectiveness of these approaches illustrates that problematic trauma reactions can be managed with less of a focus on the traumatic past and more of an eye toward interpersonal adaptation and post-traumatic growth.

General And Special Education Teachers Face Today

There are many issues that general and special education teachers face today. The goal of both of these types of teachers should be that they try their best to make their students succeed. Teaching can be very difficult and people that are passionate about it should do it. However, many general and special education teachers face many challenges throughout their teaching careers that make teaching difficult for them. One issue that teachers lack today is lack of proper coaching from school staff when they begin teaching. Proper coaching is extremely important for new teachers to obtain during their first year in school. I believe the new teachers need coaching because most teachers learn a variety of teaching methodologies, philosophies†¦show more content†¦Stansbury, Kendall and Zimmerman (2006) discuss that many teachers undergo a tremendous amount of stress during their first year of teaching. This amount of stress is responsible for many new teachers leaving their jobs during their first year in school. This proves that general education teachers and special education teachers need to be properly coached and must be extremely dedicated to survive their first four years employment. Another issue that general and special education teachers face nowadays is the fact that they must know their students well to help them maximize their education. In order to maximize a child’s education, teachers must provide students with rich experience to help them learn and master the subject. Newman (2006) explains that when students are taught by allowing them to experience new things, they can be academically more successful. He also believes that rich experiences will allow the students to build schemas to increase their knowledge. After the teachers get to know their students, they need to teach based on their needs. General and special education teachers need to differentiate their instructions to help their students. This can become stressful because teachers must plan to accommodate all their students’ needs when they are still learning the skills of how to manage a classroom and how to teach based on a specific curriculum. Rock, Gregg Ellis and Gable (2008) enforce that teachers must make

FC Arsenal †A brief history Free Essays

West Ham Wembley As of the 2012-13 season, there are fourteen professional football teams in London, six play in the Premier League and eight in the Football League. Wembley is also shown. Football is the most popular sport, both in terms of participants and spectators, in London. We will write a custom essay sample on FC Arsenal – A brief history or any similar topic only for you Order Now [l] London has several of England’s leading football clubs, and the city is home to fourteen professional teams and more than 80 amateur leagues regulated by the London Football Association. [2] Most London clubs are named after the district in which they play or used to play. Fulham is London’s oldest club still playing professionally, having been founded in 1879. Royal Arsenal were London’s first team to turn professional in 1891. Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur are London’s most successful teams in domestic and European competitions. Between them, they’ve won a total of 84 titles and trophies. Wembley Stadium, England’s national stadium is in London. It is the home venue of the England national football team and has traditionally hosted the FA Cup Final since 1923. On 19 May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to become European champions after winning the 2011-12 UEFA Champions League. History The playing of team ball games (almost certainly including football) was first recorded n London by William FitzStephen around 1174-1183. He described the activities of London youths during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday. The playing of some form of football in London has been well documented since its creation in 1314. Regular references to the game occurred throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, including the first reference to word â€Å"football† in English when it was outlawed by King Henry IV of England in 1409. Early games were probably disorganised and violent. In the sixteenth century, the headmaster of St Paul’s School Richard Mulcaster is credited with taking mob football and transforming it into rganised and refereed team football. In 1581 he described in English his game of football, which included smaller teams, referees, set positions and even a coach. Royal Engineers A. F. C. , 1872 The modern game of football was first codified in 1863 in London and subsequently spread worldwide. Key to the establishment of the modern game was Londoner Ebenezer Cobb Morley who was a founding member of the Football Association, the oldest football organisation in the world. Morley wrote to Bell’s Life newspaper proposing a governing body for football which led directly to the first meeting at the Freemasons’ Tavern in central London of the FA. He wrote the first set of rules of true modern football at his house in Barnes. The modern passing game was invented in London in the early 1870s by the Royal Engineers Prior to the first meeting of the Football Association in the Freemasons’ Tavern in Great Queen Street, London on 26 October 1863, there were no universally accepted rules for the playing of the game of football. How to cite FC Arsenal – A brief history, Papers

A Chronicle of the Thirty Years War Essay Example For Students

A Chronicle of the Thirty Years War Essay Choices, which influence the manner in which the protagonists shape their lives, in the two works Mother Courage and Her Children: A Chronicle of the Thirty Years War In this essay I am going to explore how responsibility is a driving force which determines choices which influence the manner in which the protagonists shape their lives, in the two works Mother Courage and Her Children: A Chronicle of the Thirty Years War1 by Bertolt Brecht and The Metamorphosis2 by Franz Kafka. I will explore The responsibility taken up by both the protagonists does not have a positive impact on either, in fact it is one of the reasons for their suffering. Responsibility in both cases can be interpreted as a strong sense of duty, which urges them to make the kind of choices that they do. It is therefore the sense of responsibility that they feel, which has an impact on their emotions, actions and their well-being. Both the works Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht and The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka deals with the protagonists who have a strong feeling of duty and responsibility toward the well being of her family with a strong feeling of duty and responsibility towards the well being of their families w. Mother courage and Gregor are forced to make harsh choices in their life in order to fulfill the responsibilities that they have towards the members of their family. Mother Courage who appears to be a very bold and strong person in the beginning of the play emerges as a weak, disoriented and shattered person. She is forced to earn a living in battle torn regions, by selling provisions to soldiers, in pursuit of money. Similarly in The Metamorphosis, the sense of responsibility felt by Gregor is so strong that he feels guilty at the thought of being unable to fulfill his responsibilities towards his family. In fact he continues with a dull and unexciting job. He feels burdened a nd anguished, as he is mentally pressured to provide for his parents and sister. He believes that his father is in debt and he wants to save money in order to send his sister to the music conservatory; â€Å"he had the firm intention of sending her to the Conservatory†3. It is sad that because he feels that he has failed his family both his parents and his sister that he is engulfed with anxiety and probably this leads to his physiological transformation in a bug. It cannot be disputed that the only reason Mother Courage went full force into the thick of battle with her wagon and her family was to be able to provide for them financially. She appears to be a very logical and down to earth person who realizes that a war brings benefit to no one, yet she needs to depend on war for a livelihood. The first song of the play, which Eilif sings, brings out the irony of war where every soldier believes that he is going to be a hero in the war and finally ends up dying an inglorious death. Mother Courage says in her song, â€Å"heroic deeds don’t warm me!†4. Yet she is willing to brave the turmoil of living in a battle struck region, to make a living out of the war, In order to prove she to be a concerned and caring mother to her children. Mother courage is shrewd an clever yet she is eventually outwitted by the soldiers who are able to identify her vulnerable point, which is the profit motive of a tradesman, which is an outcome of her acute awareness of responsibility. Mother Courage is engaged in the kitchen in the process of hard bargaining with the commanders cook over the sale of a capon in scene 2; â€Å"My price for a giant capon is fifty hellers.†5 She demonstrates here how profits can be made in wartime by seizing the right moment for inflating prices. Her emotional crisis through the tension between her love for her son and anxiety over her means of survival is touching when Swiss Cheese is arrested she haggles over the bribe to save his life by the difference of just a few gilders and miscalculated time; â€Å"It’s only a matter of money†6. Mother courage there after suffers unbearable guilt. She has failed in keeping her family safe. The audience sympathizes with her in understanding he r painful and tragic situation. Also how she and her dumb daughter would be able to survive and continue with their life without their wagon to earn a living intensifies her suffering, as she feels she is in charge of the family. Brave New World 8 EssayA strong sense of responsibility is the motivating factor in both, the play Mother Courage and Her Children and Metamorphosis. It is the sense of responsibility, which urges mother courage to set out of her home and face the travails of the thirty years war. With her three children and wagon. Inspire of the hardships that she is prepared to encounter, she continues with her journey so as to fulfill her responsibility towards her family. Similarly in the Metamorphosis Gregor Same continue with a cheerless job and a rigid regime to provide fro his parents and sister. However in both cases, in spite of being aware of their responsibility both the protagonists fail in their task. Mother Courage looses her family and so does Gregor Samsa. It is saddening to see that in their efforts to fulfill their responsibility they lose on what they had, before they set out on this onerous path.

Ant Farm free essay sample

Preparation Outline Purpose At the end of my presentation, the audience will come to realize how majestic the ant kingdom is and how the inner works of their cities resemble that of humans. Introduction Most of you have probably heard or read about the amazing capabilities of non-human organisms to communicate and interact with one another. But have any of you really seen the interworks of such species’ societies? One specific organism of leaf cutter ants may surprise you, as you will witness the astonishing similarities they share with our society. Central Idea An underground city formed by the leafcutter ant, which includes extensive highways, paths, and gardens, was found covered beneath the earth in Brazil. Preview We are better informed of the doings of this super organism by first understanding the steps that were taken to excavate the underground ant city, then realizing what was found, and finally, comparing the megalopolis to the human equivalence of a city. We will write a custom essay sample on Ant Farm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Body Outline I. The steps taken to excavate the underground ant city A. The scientists’ first job was to measure the flow and composition of air in the plumbing system of the ducts. . A machine was used to sample the air in order to figure out which chimney does what. Each vent was then marked yellow indicating the expulsion of carbon dioxide or red indicating the inflows of fresh air. B. Next, the scientists had to dig into the system to discover where the ducts lead and what is driving the circulation of air. C. Finally, the vents were filled with cement. 2. The amount of cement that they had to use was incredible. It took them three days until ten tonnes of cement vanished into the tubes. 3. A month later, after the cement dried, they began the excavation. It took weeks to uncover the secret megalopolis of the ants. II. What was found D. The Grass Cutter ants have two types of chambers. One where they dispose of garden garbage. These pits are important for keeping the city clean. This garbage material also helps drive the ventilation system. The chambers used for vegetation purposes make up the garden chambers. The temperature difference between the garbage and garden chambers creates a flow of air forcing air filled with carbon dioxide upward, while sucking fresh air in. E. After weeks of excavation, the scientists were able to see the structure of the city-state. . Underground highways are formed connecting the main chambers, and off the main routes are side roads. The different paths lead to the fungus gardens used for vegetation and garbage pits. Tunnels are designed to insure good ventilation and provide shortest transportation routes. III. After the excavation, we are able to see how ants relate to humans F. According to the scie ntists, this underground miracle is the equivalent of building the Great Wall of China. 5. Everything looks like an architect has designed it. 6. The complex structure covers over 500 square meters and travels 26 feet below the earth. G. While building this, the colony of ants moved 40 tonnes of soil, each load weighing four times as much as the worker ant and was carried over half a mile to the surface. Conclusion In conclusion, after going through the necessary procedures needed to excavate the ant city, the scientists discovered a whole new world. They then later realized this to be quite similar to that of the human society and truly a wonder of the world. Reference (2012). Scientists excavate underground ant city in Brazil. Xinhuanet, Retrieved from http://big5. xinhuanet. com/gate/big5/news. xinhuanet. com/english/sci/2012-02/06

How Does Your College See Your Extracurricular Activities For College Admission?

How Does Your College See Your Extracurricular Activities For College Admission?Extracurricular activities for college admission (or dual admission) are just one of the many services that many colleges can offer. The majority of the colleges and universities are now offering their services as a way to draw students, but students who are used to just relying on the normal campus activities should have a different attitude when it comes to extracurricular activities for college admission. The great thing about extracurricular activities for college admission is that they aren't usually that hard to research about, and there are also plenty of tips you can get that can make the entire process easier and less intimidating.When it comes to extracurricular activities for college admission, the focus should be on the quality of the work that the student is doing. Ideally, it would be much easier to get into a particular college if the student's efforts in completing the required work outwei gh the other requirements. Even if you have a full course load, the average amount of student interaction, and a choice of majors, you shouldn't be so focused on your grades that you neglect to do any extra work to get a better application.Extra time should be spent in doing homework, whether it's something that can be done at your own house or you have to visit a library to find a book that you can do. The extracurricular activities for college admission are one of the few available options that aren't being pushed on students in any way, shape, or form. You might be surprised at how many colleges that aren't high school counselors are aware of the various resources available to help the student do their job.If you want to get a better review of what you've done with your extracurricular activities for college admission, you should do some research into what they are all about. Colleges are very interested in what you're doing, and so is your guidance counselor. In many cases, you might want to try searching online for the college you're interested in so that you can get more feedback on your work.Some of the extracurricular activities for college admission are going to be more important than others. You should give extra attention to any school that might offer a specific activity that you want to do. If you are not sure which one would be the most beneficial for you, you can contact the college that would offer that particular activity, or you can even take a look at their website and see what they have to offer.If you've already written a couple of essays, you might want to check into the types of extracurricular activities you could do, or how you can extend the length of your essays. You should also make sure that your college will make accommodations for you if your class schedule makes it difficult for you to go to class or teach a class. Some schools also offer assistance with essay support, even if they don't need the extra help, and that can be a go od idea if you are worried about how your essay would turn out.For most colleges, the answer to 'How does your college to see your extracurricular activities for college admission?' depends on the school's philosophy and culture. Some colleges might think that your enthusiasm for playing sports or taking part in other extracurricular activities is 'messy' and should be avoided, while others might think it's all in the spirit of the institution.

junk food essays

junk food essays There is something wrong when salsa passes as a vegetable in the school cafeteria and students can buy soda and candy from vending machines on campus. With this in mind we can only begin to wonder what the future holds for todays adolescents. When students are exposed to a life of poor nutrition, the result can be obesity and regrets. For countless Canadian children breakfast or lunch drops out of a vending machine at school. This can be a can of soda, perhaps washing down a chocolate bar followed by a bag of potato chips. Students may be junk food junkies but the schools are hooked as well and have become increasingly dependent on the revenue that soda and candy machines bring in each year. While soda sales may help supplement the schools bottom line health experts are increasingly worried that soft drinks are contributing to a students poor health. It was concluded that teen-aged boys soda consumption has tripled in the last 20 years and doubled for girls (Winter). Teens now drink twice as much soda as milk (Brasher). Conversely, children are taught in the classroom about good nutrition and the value of healthy food choices but are surrounded by vending machines, school stores and fund raisers offering low nutrient density options. They receive the message that good nutrition is merely an academic exercise. I n a similar way pizza and candy are the highest reward used for good behaviours, attendance and academic achievement (Brasher). Children spend a lot of time in schools and are afforded a great deal of freedom in selecting snack foods. Schools can and should provide an environment that exemplifies a healthier relationship with food. The rising obesity rates in children are shocking but considering that kids live in a junk food, couch- potato culture that is not surprising. A recent research report from the University of Kentucky showed that 84 percent of fo ...

Columbia Business School Programs and Admissions

Columbia Business School Programs and Admissions Columbia Business School is part of Columbia University, one of the worlds most esteemed private research universities. It is also one of six Ivy League business schools in the United States and part of the informal network of prestigious business schools known as the M7. Students who attend Columbia Business School have the benefit of studying in the heart of Manhattan in New York City and graduating with a degree from one of the most recognizable business schools in the world. But location and brand awareness are just two of the reasons why students enroll in the programs at this business school. Columbia is a popular business school due to its large alumni network, 200 electives, 100 student organizations, an ever-evolving curriculum taught by a respected faculty, and a reputation for groundbreaking research. Columbia Business School offers a range of program options for students at the graduate level. Students can earn an MBA, Executive MBA, Master of Science, or a Ph.D. The school also offers executive education programs for individuals and organizations. MBA Program The MBA program at Columbia Business School features a core curriculum that offers foundational knowledge in business topics like leadership, strategy, and global business. In their second term, MBA students are allowed to customize their education with electives. There are more than 200 electives to choose from; students also have the option of taking graduate-level classes at Columbia University to further diversify their studies. After being admitted to the MBA program, students are split into clusters consisting of about 70 people, who take their first-year classes together. Each cluster is further split into small teams of about five students, who complete core course assignments as a group. This cluster system is meant to encourage close relationships among diverse people who can challenge each other. MBA admissions at Columbia Business School are competitive. Only 15 percent of those who apply are admitted. Application requirements include two recommendations, three essays, one response to a short-answer question, GMAT or GRE scores, and academic transcripts. Interviews are by invitation only and are typically conducted by alumni. Executive MBA Programs Students in the Executive MBA program at Columbia Business School study the same curriculum under the same faculty as full-time MBA students. The main difference between the two programs is the format. The Executive MBA program is designed for busy executives who want to complete the program on the weekend or in 5-day blocks. Columbia Business School offers three different New York based programs: EMBA-NY Saturday: Students take classes every Saturday for 24 months.EMBA-NY Friday/Saturday: Students take classes every other Friday/Saturday for 20 months.EMBA-Americas: Students take classes in 5-6 day blocks once a month for 20 months. Columbia Business School also offers two EMBA-Global programs for students who would rather study outside of the United States. These programs are offered in partnership with the  London Business School and the University of Hong Kong. To apply to the EMBA program at Columbia Business School, students must be fully employed. They are required to submit a range of application materials, including two recommendations; three essays; one response to a short-answer question; GMAT, GRE, or Executive Assessment scores; and academic transcripts. Interviews are required for admission but are conducted by invitation only. Master of Science Programs Columbia Business School offers several Master of Science programs. Options include the: Master of Science in Financial Economics: A two-year program consisting of MBA and Ph.D. courses in finance and economics.Master of Science in Marketing Science: A one-year program consisting of core courses, MBA courses, and Ph.D. courses in marketing analytics.Master of Science in Accounting and Fundamental Analysis: A three-semester program consisting of MBA and Ph.D. courses in accounting and quantitative analysis. All of the Columbia Master of Science programs are designed to provide more focused study options than the Columbia MBA program but less of a time investment than the Columba Ph.D. program. Admission requirements vary by program. However, it should be noted that every program is competitive. You should have high academic potential and a record of academic achievement to be considered a candidate for any of the Master of Science programs. PhD Program The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)  program at Columbia Business School is a full-time program that takes about five years to complete. The program is designed for students who want a career in research or teaching. Areas of study include accounting; decision, risk, and operations; finance and economics, management, and marketing. To apply to the Ph.D. program at Columbia Business School, you need at least a bachelors degree. A masters degree is recommended, but is not required. Application components include two references; an essay; a resume or CV; GMAT or GRE scores; and academic transcripts.

The sale of Gatwick Airport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The sale of Gatwick Airport - Case Study Example Gatwick Airport, the second largest airport in the United Kingdom, has been offered for sale by BAA, its owner following a move by the competition commission to push the Company to dispose three of its British airports due to dominance concerns of the Airline business market. Gatwick, being the country's second biggest airport, acts as a major component of the national infrastructure as well as a significant constituent of the British aviation industry. There have been misgivings through out the country's economic sector with many feeling that the airport has been flogged off with less attention to the bigger social effects.According to BBC NEWS (2008), the competition committee, which is charged with the job of ensuring and regulation the operations of airports in UK ruled that the BAA had no option but to give away three of the company's airports based in the UK to create more competition in the sector. It insisted that the organization have to sell two of the South East airports w hich comprises of Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted. Regarding this, BAA which is possessed by Spanish company Ferrovial ruled out the sell of Heathrow and Stansted thus leaving Gatwick airport for bidding. Other airports ran by the BAA includes Glasgow, Edinburgh and Scotland based Aberdeen as well as southern England based Southampton. The competition commission has been trying to make to an end the monopolistic control on airport operations to install quality of the services offered in order to provide its clients with efficiency. As a result of this, different companies have indicated their interest in purchasing the airport that has been estimated to have a value of around $ 1.8 billion as per regulators although the price for the airport is likely to be set by the current market circumstances.. Some of the major companies who have indicated there interest in Gatwick include Manchester Airports Group Plc (MAG), Global Infrastructure partners and Lysander Gatwick Investment. Since early 1970s , the control of Gatwick, Heathrow and Stansted airports has been under BAA which the competition commission blames for the insufficient competition between south-east English airports and the central Scotland based ones. As per BBC NEWS(2008), this monopoly control has resulted to low levels of service provision to passengers and airline companies and as well lower the incentives for more chances of improvement. BAA has been blamed for slow implementation of new route development plans at several airports as well as being sluggish in venturing into fresh terminals and creating more runways. This situation has been contrasted with other airports such as London city and Manchester airports which have been in the front line in implementing these changes. They have been trying to expand the facilities and services and lowering charges as well as being more responsive to the special needs of the customers. . Major Airport Operators in UK and Europe Manchester Airports Group Plc (MAG) It is the second biggest airport operator in the country and runs Manchester Airport, the third largest airport in the United Kingdom, presently handling 20 million freight passengers annually and having flights to more than 180 destinations globally with over 90 airlines. Other airports ran by the operator includes Nottingham East Midlands airport, Humberside airport and Bournemouth airport. The company also runs Borealis Capital Corporation and Manchester Pension Fund. Global Infrastructure partners Is an organization that possesses London City Airport. It has a brand value of $5.64 billion fund. It is run by professional investment executives' partners who experience direct investment to the fund. London City airport is the leading commercial airport in UK. It has ten airlines operating 32 destinations all over UK and the rest of Europe. It also connects to the rest

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the Research in the Paper

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the in the University of Cambridge - Research Paper Example Haemorrhagic stroke is also known as cerebral haemorrhages or intracranial haemorrhages. These types of strokes are not as common as ischaemic strokes. Sudden bleeding in the brain causes a haemorrhagic stroke. This bleeding makes the brain to swell and increased pressure is build up in the skull thus busting. The swelling and pressure damage the tissues and the brain cells. High blood pressure is an example of a condition that causes a hemorrhagic stroke (Meschia 3-4). It weakens the arteries in the brain making them prone to rupture or split. There are things that increase the risk of high blood pressure which include smoking, obesity, an excessive amount of alcohol, lack of exercise and stress. Haemorrhagic strokes can as well occur as a result of rupture of a brain aneurysm and badly formed blood vessels in the brain (Connolly et al 1712). Stroke effects vary from one person to another depending on the type, location, severity and the number of strokes. There are both mental and physical effects of stroke. Weakness or paralysis is one effect that may affect one side of the whole body or just a leg or an arm. This leads to problems of balancing and coordinating because the weight of the weak side pulls against the strong side. The other effect is a problem when using a language where a person may have problem understanding writing or a speech, have the problem of thinking the right words to speak or write or have a problem of saying words clearly. Again, a person with a stroke may suffer vision and perception problems. The condition also causes cognitive problems which include problems with thinking, attention, memory, mental activities and learning (Go 28-30).

General motors core business

General motors core business INTRODUCTION GENERAL MOTORS General Motors was known as one of the worlds best automotive, started in 1908 with 76 years of management and leadership at its best. Its global headquarters located in Detroit, with employees of 204,000 people all over the world and operates business in 140 countries. General Motors core business of producing cars and trucks operates in 34 countries and selling and servicing these vehicles through the following brands: GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, Buick, Cadillac, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. It has the largest market in United States followed by China, Brazil, Germany, U.K, Canada and Italy. GMs main element, in which it is industry leader, is its vehicle safety, security and information services. As of 2008, General Motors is the ninth largest publicly traded company in the world. Recently the company has endured major financial confusion, including a 38 billion dollar loss in 2007. GM needs a sense of urgency regarding revising a strategic plan that incorporates the next generation of vehicles. In todays global economy and highly competitive auto industry GM has no time for delay. Factors affecting General Motors and other car industry. Industry involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing and sale of motor vehicles are known as automotive industry. More than million of motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide in 2007. Figures show that in 2007, around 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide in which 22.9 m sold in Europe, 21.4 m in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 m in USA and Canada, 4.4 m in Latin America, 2.4 m in the Middle East and 1.4 m in Africa. Though the markets in North America and Japan were inactive but in South America and Asia markets grew very strongly. Russia, Brazil and China were the one who showed rapid growth compare to others. In 2008, automotive industry were experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material cost and changes in consumer buying habits due to rapid rise in the price of oil. G.M and other automotive industries were also facing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage. U.S is the worlds largest consumer market for light vehicles, passenger cars and light trucks which are conquered by big three companies i.e. General Motors, Ford Motors and Daimler/Chrysler. But recently these three industries were started to lose their market share to other rivals within the industry. General Motors are facing huge competition by domestic company such as Ford Motors and Daimler/Chrysler and also by foreign companies such as Toyota Motors and Honda Motors who are able to produce car much cheaper cost than General Motors. In 2006, General Motors has been bankrupted and has been avoiding a filing for years. For years it has been using cars as razors to sell consumers a monthly package of razor blades- in the form of highly profitable car loans. And the reasons for its bankruptcy are because they were focusing mostly on their finance division rather than it vehicle design operation. GM cars were poorly designed and build, took long time to manufacture as compare to its toughest competitor Toyota who has better designed and high quality and cheaper. In past GM controlled half of North America vehicle market but presently it has only 19 percent control as GM has been ignoring competition due to which Toyota and other industry took over the market share. Since General Motors were focusing on making profit from finance they did not care about building better vehicles. It was managing in bubble as GM rewarded those employees who followed the old way of doing things and those who praises CEO wisdom and carry out his orders. PEST Analysis Political: Since 1960, there were more powerful and strict laws and Government intervention that has affected GM and other car industries. Mostly, all regulation was related to consumer increasing concern for environment and concern for the safer automobiles. Economical: Automobile Industries plays an important role on every countries economy. As Automotive industry are major user of computer chips, aluminium, textiles, copper, steel, iron, lead, plastics, vinyl and rubber. Research and study had shown that for every autoworker there are seven other jobs created in other industry which include aluminium to lead to vinyl. Sociocultural: Todays people are mostly concern about their status and society judges on the basis of what type of car one drives. Manufacture takes advantage of this thought and target the market. Every one want attractive and nice car which other people admires. Consumers feel better when they driving nice and new car. Technology: Internet had played a significant role in automotive industry. A study showed that about 60 % buyers referred to internet before making their purchase and out of that 60 percentage. 88 % buyer went to auto website before going and taking test drive. Strength and Weakness of General Motors. Strength: Huge Market Share: Although General Motors market shares has dropped in United States but it still has very much competitive at 26 percent. On the other hand, it is increasing its share in Chinese market and world wide. They still believes that they have an opportunity to become automotive leader once again as it was before. Global Experience: Although General Motors share have decline recently but they have capability of becoming leader once again due to vast experience of almost 100 years. As GM current opportunity is to expand globally and it has got experience to do so. Variety of Brand names General Motors had been leaders in the past and reason for that is wide variety of quality brand names that differentiate it from other automotive manufacturer. Its current brands include GMC, GM Daewoo, Chevrolet, Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, Saab, Holden, Buick, Cadillac, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. GMAC Customer Finance Program Since, General Motors Acceptance Corporation establishment in 1919, it has proven to be GMs most reliable source of revenue. On Star Satellite technology Star Satellite technology was developed in1996 with a subscriber of more than 3 million and it is the standard of all GM vehicles. The benefit of this technology is that vehicle can be easily tracked at the time of emergency or theft. On the other hand, it allows the driver as well as passengers to communicate with On star personnel just in one click of button. Weakness: Behind on Alternative Energy Movement: This is one of the biggest weaknesses of General Motors. The alternative energy/hybrid technology has already taken place in the automotive industry and GM has been one step behind the competition in terms of alternative energy vehicles. As a result, GM faced lots of problem including loss of market shares and fall in company profit. Now days for any automotive company looking for success must be Hybrid friendly and fuel efficient. Poor Organizational Structure: This is the second and significant weaknesses of GM. Its organizational structure seems to be too vertically integrated. As a result, there is lack of communication between top level management and bottom level management and may have played a part in GM falling behind on the alternative energy movement. Stagnant Profitability: General Motors profit has been certainly falling and they are struggling with respect to the size of their company. General Motors profit margin was about 1.5 % and the ROE has dramatically decreasing by dropping to 10 % in 2004. At this situation shareholders are not happy and they are becoming less interested. Fully Based on US market: For any one who is concentrating on one particularr market cant be successful. This is what happened to GMs case, it fully dependent on the US market. It must take advantage of the opportunity to expand globally. Due to high competition, it is becoming too strong to focus on just one country. Over Dependent on General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) Financing: The other important weakness of General Motors is that it is too dependent on its financing program. Although, it is accepted that it is a great strength for GM, however it will be a problem if it solely rely on financing and cant turn profits, in order to compete with Honda and Toyota who are rapidly growing. Poor Credit Status: GMs credit status is steadily declining same as everything else. It is losing credit in market and amongst the customer. Its current ratio is merely above 1 and its acid test is even lower. Poor strategies and lack of Foresight: Due to increase in oil prices, consumers began to turn away from SUVs, but still General Motors predicted much of its operating success on its ability to sell newly unpopular vehicles. While companies like Toyota, were concentrating on light vehicle and in improving efficiency where GM assumed sales would continue in future. ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT Organizational Development is a system which differs from other systems of organizational change by putting stress/focusing on process rather than problems. In fact, change system focuses on identifying problems in an organization and then trying to alter the behaviour that creates the problem. OD is a methodology intended for use in complex situations to provide intervention strategy for change management. OD finds the behavioural interactions and the pattern that creates or sustain problem. In fact, OD does not change the behaviours, but they focus on creating a behaviourally healthy organization that will automatically solve and prevents the problems. OD generally considered long term effort that is of at least one to three years in most cases. In addition, it mostly focuses on combined management where manager and workers of different level communicate and unite to solve the problem. OD understands the fact that all organization is different and same solution cant put in every co mpany. The other feature of OD is that it gives importance to team work and small group. The important features of OD programs is the change agent, that is group or individual which makes OD process much easier. Almost all change agent are consultant from outside who are experienced in managing OD programs but sometimes companies may utilize its inside managers. The benefits of consultant from outside are that they provide a different outlook and have a less biased view of the organizations problems and needs. The disadvantage of outside change agents is that its lack an in depth of understanding of main issues mainly one specific organization.