Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner Free Essays

Abel Girma Mr. Fortunate English Language and Literature IB Y1 04 September 2012 Word Count: 1087 The Consciousness of Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose For Emily† â€Å"Then we saw that in the subsequent cushion was the space of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and inclining forward, that black out and imperceptible residue dry and harsh in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-silver hair† read the last lines of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, a short story composed by the American writer and Nobel Prize laureate William Faulkner, distributed in 1931. We will compose a custom paper test on Imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now These final words put a stunning and rather upsetting end to this piece delineating the unusual existence of Emily Grierson, and her obstinate refusal to adjust to changes throughout her life, living in her own non-changing world. Different images are utilized all through the content in spite of the fact that Faulkner didn't utilize any sort of cognizant imagery. The legitimacy of this case lies in his Nobel Prize in Literature acknowledgment discourse, his memoir and his meeting on the importance of â€Å"A rose for Emily†. Emily Grierson is depicted as â€Å"A fallen monument† from the earliest starting point of the story as the storyteller begins to portray the formal methodology following her passing. Before long, her home, a â€Å"house that had once been white, embellished with domes and towers and looked over overhangs in the intensely lightsome style of the seventies. † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily) Is nearby sabotaged as â€Å"an blemish among blemishes † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily), attacked by the decaying and industrialized neighborhood that used to be an impressively rumored neighborhood during the 1970s. This is a fine case of imagery utilized in the content as it gives a notion of the willfulness wherein Emily, a southern lady has carried on with her life cut to the past and drenched in old southern customs. Additionally, the â€Å"Rose† in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an interesting image because of the way that it is never referenced all through the totality of the story. The understandings of the â€Å"Rose† are unbounded and begging to be proven wrong. It very well may be comprehended just like a rose of compassion Faulkner might want to devote to Emily for she had carried on with an irrefutably dreary existence of isolation and hopelessness. It can similarly be deciphered as a rose speaking to the adoration Emily frantically required in her life however never really discovered, seeing as a rose by and large represents love in many societies. In like manner, another stun igniting and incontestably vital image in the story is bound to the keep going sentence, â€Å"the long strand of iron-silver hair†. These final words uncover the grisly good corruption where Emily carried on an extraordinary piece of her life, dozing close to the rotting body of Homer, the principal expected genuine romance in Emily’s life that chose to leave her not long after they began getting to know each other. The strand of hair represents the frequently sinful way which individuals cross in the journey for adoration. There is certifiably not an away from connection between's a large portion of the images and what they represent for them to have been a use of cognizant imagery. Besides Faulkner himself has determined that he doesn’t depend on deliberately utilizing imagery to channel his methods of reasoning as a creator. Adequately, William Faulkner glaringly denies utilizing any cognizant imagery. He clarifies: â€Å"I was just attempting to expound on individuals [†¦] it was no expectation of the author to state, Now let’s see, I’m going to compose a piece in which I will utilize an imagery [†¦]† (remove from the meeting â€Å"A Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). This citation further approves the contention that the imagery utilized by Faulkner was inadvertent. Beam Bradbury, one of the most famous American authors of the twentieth century clarifies his interpretation of this subject in a reaction to a letter from a multi year old understudy in 1963. The understudy needed to find out about the utilization of imagery in abstract works so Bradbury expressed that â€Å"I never deliberately place imagery in my composition. That would be a reluctant exercise and hesitance is crushing to any innovative demonstration. [†¦ ] The best imagery is consistently unsuspected and characteristic. Faulkner additionally depicts his fundamental enthusiasm as an author as being about â€Å"the human heart in strife with itself† (Nobel Prize acknowledgment discourse). In this way, his sole reason as an essayist conflicts with the demonstration of utilizing cognizant imagery. As needs be, in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, he tells the shocking, yet convincing story of Miss Emily Grierson’s inside clash in the quest for satisfaction and love that drives her to unconventional †even evil †acts. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† offers images with boundless understandings and in this manner demonstrates to a significant degree that the utilization of those images weren’t cognizant. Also, It would be contumelious not to concur with the creator when he prevents the utilization from securing cognizant imagery. Imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is reliably present and assumes a significant job in the conceivable readers’ translations of the story’s message. Nonetheless, the utilization of images in a scholarly work is inescapable and isn’t consistently a result of a cognizant demonstration. This implies the way that there is imagery in the content isn’t an inconsistency to the author’s beginning objective which is composing a minor apparition story roused by â€Å"a image of a strand of hair on the cushion in the deserted house. (Meeting on The Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). Therefore, the oblivious imageries inside the story give it advancement and profundity because of its readers’ understandings, not because of the shameless demonstration of forcing imagery upon them. The American creator Isaac Asim ov includes the response to the contention of the utilization of imagery in his reaction to a similar letter about from the multi year old understudy: â€Å"Consciously? Sky, no! Unwittingly? How might one maintain a strategic distance from it? † Faulkner didn't utilize cognizant imagery in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Various utilizations of imagery are available in this short apparition story and they do hold a non-insignificant situation in the general importance of the piece dependent on each readers’ comprehension of them. All things considered, the scholarly virtuoso, William Faulkner didn't deliberately put these images as a way to pass on his message in an inactive way. In lieu of doing as such, he straight-forwardly composed a straightforward phantom story containing inescapable images. Actually, we may ask ourselves: how much is the cognizant utilization of imagery in writing so as to pass on message, proficient and compelling? The most effective method to refer to Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, Essay models

Bobby Sands essays

Bobby Sands papers Bobby Sands was conceived in 1954 in Rathcoole, a supporter network in North Belfast as the primary offspring of John and Rosaleen Sands. He was trailed by two sisters, Marcella and Burnadette, and a sibling, Sean. The principal long stretches of Bobbys life were spent qui ly at Abbots Cross in the Newtonabbey region of North Belfast. In any case, the counter Catholic mentalities raised their heads and the Sands family had to move in 1962 to another predominately Protestant ghetto in Belfast. Experiencing childhood in these territories prompted e nature of detest that most Catholics have being in the isolated territories of Belfast. Bobby had similar encounters, and had similar emotions. At fifteen years old, Bobby quit school and started function as a student mentor manufacturer and joined the national association of vehicle developers. In 1968, Bobby was constrained out of his activity because of hostile to Catholic disdain. His sister Burnadette says, Bobby went work one day and these colleagues were remaining there cleaning firearms. One individual said to him, Do you see these here, well, on the off chance that you dont youll get this. At that point Bobby found a note in his lunchbox instructing him to get out.1 These occasions would transform him In 1972, the Sands family had to move again when their home was offered to a Protestant couple without their concent. The family moved to a Catholic lodging settlement in West Belfast. It was here that Bobby initially found out about the IRA and signed up Bobbys life changed drastically. My life presently revolved around restless evenings and backups avoiding the Brits and quieting nerves to go out on tasks. In any case, the individuals remained by us. The individuals not just made the ways for their homes to loan us a h d however held nothing back from us. I discovered that without individuals we were unable to endure and I discovered that I owe them everything.1 In October of 1972, Bobby was captured. Four handguns were found in a house that he was staying at.... <!

Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership Free Essays

The aim of this study is to investigate the ‘Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership in a Pakistani Context ‘ . This examination will portray the impacts of various signifier of expert improvement on guidance and securing in Karachi, open and private Primary Secondary schools, using study methodological investigation. This part examines, the structure of the study incorporate a portrayal of research speculation, teacher and chief populace and tests, study instruments, educator and leader treatment processs, free factors, strategy utilized for total and mediation of informations, and the measurable methods utilized. We will compose a custom exposition test on Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now 3.1 RESEARCH Design: This exploration includes an unmistakable measurement inquire about review, looking into the bing achievements, properties and conduct. It portrays the improvement of coordination examination with the conduct of the LPI and the relationship among the factors of school proficient procurement networks. Two examination instruments, LPI and SPSLC were utilized for roll uping informations. During Aug and Sep 2006 an examination entitled Leadership Practice Inventory ( LPI ) was organized for school principals, in view of 30 separate articulations, alludes five of the examples, for example, Challenge the methodology, Inspire a Shared Vision, Model the Way, Enables others to Act, Encourage the Heart, in the record of the instrument. The announcements were unpredictably positioned inside the setting of the Likert Scales are as per the following: About Never, sometimes, Seldom, Sometimes, Normally, Very Frequently and Almost Always. The ( SPSLC ) School Professional Staff as a Learning Community will flexibly, a dread of teacher ‘s agonizing perceptual experience on proficient obtaining impacted by driving example stock rundown. The announcements delineating teacher ‘s perceptual encounters were coded using 17 types of five measurements. SPSLC marked as: diminish 1a Autocratic Style, 1b Participatory Management, diminish 2a Positive and Shared vision for staff, 2b Positive vision for researcher, 2c Positive Vision for Learning Process, diminish 3a Collective Learning and Share Information, 3b Consideration and Learning Issues of Staff, 3c Teaching and Non Teaching Issues, 3d Improvement and Implementation of Learning Staff, 3e Assessment and Revision of Teaching Staff, diminish 4a Vision and Observation of Classroom Teaching, 4b Class room Observation and Interaction of Learning Staff, diminish 5a Agreement of clasp for Staff Interacting, 5b School Condition and Capacity of Structure, 5c Staff Ã¢â‚¬Ë œs Communication and Trust, 5d Positive Relationship Among Staff, 5e Isolated and Collaborative conduct, stand foring every one of the 17 structures from the SPSLC. 3.2 SAMPLE Population: The number of inhabitants in this review included 20 specialists and 20 tuition based schools in Karachi. This was a gathering study of teachers and principals rehearsing in broad daylight and tuition based schools of Karachi, city domain specialists schools are incorporate. These schools had a joined aggregate of around 80 principals and 80 educators. The main example stock rundown ( LPI ) was approached to complete the survey to each take separating school head as a self image perceiver for their foundation. The school proficient staff as a procurement network ( SPSLC ) survey was filled by the take separating school teachers. 3.2 CENSUS INSTRUMENT ( a ) LEADERSHIP PRACTICE INVENTORY ( LPI ) : â€Å" The main example stock rundown ( LPI ) has its start in an examination undertaking Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner started in 1983 † . LPI is one of the most celebrated of the rack instrument which is utilized universe expansive by examine specialist looking into the of import properties and practices of driving. The significance and centrality of LPI can be judge simple by the way that it has the utilization of more than one million individuals everywhere throughout the universe since past two decennaries. The results which are driven from LPI have demonstrated it, a reliable and legitimate instrument used to mensurate driving effectivity. Moreover, the outcomes have other than indicated that driving achievements and practices can be simple comprehended and learned. An instrument is viewed as a decent, on the off chance that it has sound psychometric belongingss, the result ought to be trustworthy and substantial. The cogency of an instrument can be decided by its fact of predicting an open introduction. LPI has two cogencies for example menu and prognostic. Toll cogency shows that the results are fundamentally corresponded with open introduction steps and can be utilization to predict effectivity of driving examples simple. This instrument is involved 30 articulations to quantify, the five examples of model driving model and the LPI contributed adequately to our fear of the main system and in the turn of events and releasing of driving capablenesss. The verification of LP can be decided by look intoing the tonss of LPI among high and low acting advances. This curious issue was inspected by actualizing preference investigations as order procedure to discover the outcome of LPI tonss on bunch executives which are arranged under army open introduc tion based classs. The open introduction classs of the executives on LPI eyewitness pioneer ‘s adequacy graduated table can be framed by puting the most noteworthy and the least tierce of the chief in an example populace. ( B ) SCHOOL PROFESSIONAL STAFF AS A LEARNING COMMUNITY ( SPSLC ) â€Å" The school proficient staff as a securing network ( SPSLC ) was created by Dr. Shirley Hord ( 1997 ) of the south west Regional Educational Development Laboratory, in simultaneousness with the staff of the Appalachia Educational Laboratory. Initially planned as an evaluation apparatus for a school that reexamined itself more than a few mature ages, the SPSLC was made to â€Å" measure all inclusive the adulthood of a schools proficient staff as a securing network. † ( Mohan and Iestsky A ; Sattes ; 997, p. 4 ) . The SPSLC will demo informations on the authoritative picture of the school an area from the spot of the staff individuals. This data will be utilized in building up a coordination investigation with the conduct of the LPI. Further more, it will gracefully an anxiety of educator ‘s agonizing perceptual encounters on proficient securing as impacted by driving examples. This survey is staying of 17 structures assembled in to five significant elements of expert obtaining networks. â€Å" The field-testing on the SPSLC was led by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory verifying that the instrument was reliable in recognizing modules of 20 one schools â€Å" in footings of their adulthood as learning networks. † ( Meehan or Iestysky A ; Sattes, 1997, p. 4 ) . Perceptions and numerous medicines emphasize on the confidence of each kind of, which is an of import highlight of beneficial larning network to move in the direction of improvement. Numerous different characteristics required to chop down segregation among staff, for example, trust and respect, steady conditions, participation and coaction, expanding staff limit, providing a gainful domain, improving of viable conveying and shared individual examples by leaders and relatively escalated socialization strategies. Strong conditions play a unique capacity to advance staff individuals, which are non intrigued with the endeavor given by the association or chief. 3.3 INFORMED Consent: Every head and educator who consented to take divide in the examination study was given an educated assent signifier sing this exploration study. The educated assent signifier depicted the plan of the study, processs, potential dangers and expected advantages related with this exploration. Further, members were guaranteed unhesitatingly of the examination records. To the best of research laborer ‘s perception, the examination exercises associated with this review represented not any more mental risk of injury than members would find in each twenty-four hours life. 3.4 DATA COLLECTION AND RESEARCH PROCEDURE: To appreciate the wide vision of expert turn of events and the hypothetical record of school driving in a Pakistani setting, authorization was allowed to continue concentrate by Board of Advance Study and Research, University of Karachi. As the informations total processs requires, statistics instrument to be filled by the educators and school principals of grouped schools which are remembered for test populace. The populace comprises of 20 open and 20 non-public schools. Ten towns out of 20 were chosen from Karachi city including Gulshan town, Jamshed Town, Saddar Town, North Nazimabad Town, Shahfaisal Town, Liaqatabad Town, Gulberg Town, Lyari Town, Malir Town and Korangi Town. Out of these 10 towns, 40 schools were chosen among which 20 schools has a place with the private area and 20 were of specialists part. Analyst visited each school to carry on the investigation as the informations were intended to be gathered from learning staff and principals on a single balance, for that reason a few teachers requested a constrained clasp range to flexibly adequate input and some of them reacted flicker of an eye. An early on note, each piece great as a message of educated assent, sing the idea of this overview had been appeared to the principals, to take consent for the circulation of nose consider instruments as a real part of learning staff. The message of educated assent contained expound data about the examination laborer and the doctorial arrangement that was affirming this exploration undertaking was other than introduced by the exploration specialist alongside polls to every head. The managers and principals who consented to participate were asked to finis

Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Essay

Financial, Social, and Political Change Worksheet - Essay Example Changes in western legislative issues are fused, that spread over the area through connection in progressivism and network statements in spite of the restraint by traditionalists and the endeavor of political battle and realpolitiks. Following a move from means to business cultivating, in the start of the sixteenth century, there was improvement in domesticated animals the executives, just as presentation new pivots, which cleared in a route for more creation from customary to current practices in Agriculture (Bayliss-Smith &Wanmali, 1984). The previous open field frameworks had established the framework for the cultivating shift in Europe, however it was later supplanted by encased fields and progressively conservative homesteads, it was a piece of premise in upset. Most piece of Northern and Eastern Europe experienced mild climatic conditions, aside from the leveled fields and slopes that could contain further soils to help Agricultural transformation. The general public saw an extraordinary change in populace development following the gigantic creation of food. The death rate was high with the whole populace expanding at a higher rate than food creation. â€Å"In 1800, Europe had around 190 million individuals; by 1850, 250 million. By 1914, it had 460 million† (Perry, Chase, Jacob, Jacob, and Laue, 2009, p. 501). The modern transformation was at first ascribed to the populace development in the public eye which gave sufficient work power to deliver enough assets from agribusiness, to enterprises for preparing and assembling. Motorization likewise assumed its job, permitting the presentation of apparatuses, and further developed supplies for use in industrial facilities and cultivating; the steam motors were imagined to siphon water from the mines. Exchange escalated following interest of food and different items from the populace, which constrained modern insurgency in the locale and different pieces of the world. Between

Essay --

Intrigue Groups â€Å"Interest bunches association of individuals sharing regular targets who vigorously endeavor to impact government policymakers through immediate and aberrant methods†. J. M. Molins and A. Casademunt, Weight Groups and the Articulation of Interests, in West European Politics, No. 4, 1998 This structure is planned with the goal that intrigue gatherings would be a gadget of open effect on legislative issues to create changes, yet would not threaten the administration much. Regardless of whether this is as yet the case or not is a critical inquiry that we should discover. Intrigue bunches assume various jobs in the American political framework, for example, portrayal, support, training, and program checking. Portrayal is the reason that we see most every now and again and the capacity we routinely consider when we consider intrigue gatherings. Inclusion is another job that intrigue bunches play in our administration, which is while they encourage and bolster t he commitment of their individuals in the political procedure. Intrigue bunches likewise teach, by attempting to edify both open authorities and general society everywhere concerning issues of noteworthiness to them. Intrigue bunches likewise keep method of how projects are working in the field and attempt to impact government to make a move when inconveniences become clear when they screen programs. The customary intrigue bunches have been sorted out around a few type of financial beginning, be it corporate interests, partners, or associations. The quantity of business-arranged halls has created since the 1960s and keeps on developing. Open intrigue bunches have too developed very since the 1960s. Liberal gatherings began the pattern, however customary gatherings are currently similarly as normal, however a few gatherings... ...e Role of Local Government and Citizens in the Democratic Process, National Civic Review, vol. 85, no. 3, Fall 1996. Walk, J.G. and J.P. Olsen (1998): 'The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders,' 52:4 International Organization 943, Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, pp. 303-329) March, J.G. and J.P. Olsen (2000): 'Vote based system and Schooling,' in L.M. McDonnell, P.M. Timpane and R. Benjamin (eds), Rediscovering the Democratic procedure of Education, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, pp. 148-173 Olsen, J.P. (1997): 'Institutional Design in Democratic Contexts,' 5:3 The Journal Of Political Philosophy 203 Rokkan, S. (1999) (altered by P. Vegetation, with S. Kuhnle and D. Urwin): State Formation, Nation-Building and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan, Oxford: Oxford University Press

A Study of Step 12 of the 12-Step Programs

A Study of Step 12 of the 12-Step Programs More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use The last of the 12 Steps is to carry the message to others and to put the principles of the program into practice in every area of your life. For those in recovery programs, practicing Step 12 is simply how it works, as the founders of the fellowship discovered for themselves in those early days. Step 12Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these Steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs. As the history of Alcoholics Anonymous so clearly indicates, it was working with others who were still suffering that kept Bill W. and Dr. Bob sober. The same principle is true for all members of 12 step groups: to keep it you have to give it away. In Al-Anon, the step reads try to carry the message to others and in Alcoholics Anonymous it says to alcoholics. The principle is the same. In order to work all 12 of the steps, you must try to help others. Carrying the message to others, by sharing experience, strength, and hope  reinforces the spiritual principle of the twelve steps in the person being 12th-stepped as well as the one doing the sharing. If nobody was doing any 12th-step work, the program would simply cease to exist. Without the service work of those who came before, no members would be here now. But Step 12 also admonishes members to put the spiritual growth they have found to work not only within the fellowship but it all aspects of their livesâ€"to practice these principles in all your affairs. This too is doing 12th step work and makes the program work as one of attraction and not promotion. For many in the 12-step fellowships, working the 12th step is simply how it works. Living It to Give It Away Skip notes that when he made the call to AA, they were at his door in 15 minutes. As a newcomer, he would be in the AA clubroom when the phone rang and members would leap to answer it and run to go on the 12th-step call. After he was sober for awhile his sponsor would take him on 12th-step calls. When he started doing 12th-step calls on his own, he found he was getting too involved and nobody he was serving was getting sober. His sponsor had a long talk with him to explain that he was trying to save the world and that he needed to remember to carry the message, not the body. He learned that he couldnt sober up the whole world and that all he could do was to carry the message, the rest is up to the alcoholic. He found that  the follow-up is an important part of a 12th-step call. Calling the person in a few days to see if they might want to  go to a meeting  with you shows that you are for real. Setting the Example Sox discovered that 12th-step work wasnt just going out to help the one who still suffers. It also included simply going to meetings and being seen there; making coffee; speaking up during comments; saying yes when asked to do service work or speak at a meeting; offering to give a ride to those who otherwise would not go to a meeting; in short, 12th-step work is very much setting the example. Avoiding Enabling One challenge of Step 12 is avoiding the mistake of carrying the alcoholic instead of carrying the message. In  short,  dont rescue  the alcoholic  as it harms him in the long run. Page 96  of  the Big Book  says. He may be broke and homeless. If he is, you might try to help him about getting a job, or give him a little financial assistance. But you should not deprive your family or creditors of money they should have. Perhaps you will want to take the man into your home for a few days. But be sure you use discretion. Be certain he will be welcomed by your family, and that he is not trying to impose upon you for money, connections, or shelter. Permit that and you only harm him. You will be making it possible for him to be insincere. You may be aiding in his destruction rather than his recovery.

The Concept of the Journey in “Dharma” and “The Twenty-Seventh Man” - Literature Essay Samples

Within â€Å"Dharma† by Vikram Chandra and â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† by Nathan Englander, the concept of the journey forms the central structure around which the rest of the narrative is built. While the two stories are contextually very different—â€Å"Dharma† takes place in mid-1900s India, and â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† is set slightly earlier, in Stalin’s Russia—these dissimilarities prove inconsequential as the thematic unity between the two overcomes any superficial differences. Chandra’s â€Å"Dharma† and Englander’s â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† complement each other well, together validating the importance of the journey for story and character development using the stories’ shared elements of symbolism and meta. Symbolism in the two stories is abundant, as the authors draw on readers’ perceptions of the characters to attribute meaning to otherwise unremarkable things. In â€Å"Dharma†, one example of such is Jago Antia’s â€Å"bottle full of yellow pills† which he â€Å"[feels] in his pocket all day, against his chest† (Chandra 165). These yellow pills are medication for the pain Antia feels in his amputated leg, â€Å"a constant hum just below his attention† that keeps him from performing his duties as a commander with the focus and care that he requires of himself (165). The pills serve as a constant reminder to Antia of his weakness; his reliance on anything other than himself is a source of shame to him, despite the medical necessity of it. Serendipitously (although not for the characters concerned), reliance on a small yellow object is a relevant aspect of â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† as well. In Englander’s story, the yellow obje ct is the solitary bulb found in the cell where Pinchas Pelovits and his literary colleagues are imprisoned. Like Antia resents the pills for their hold over him, so do the men in the cell â€Å"hate the bulb for its control, such a flimsy thing† (Englander 257). â€Å"With [the] light [comes] relief† for the prisoners, and they despise their own vulnerability just as Antia does. It is difficult to distinguish disparate purposes of this symbolism, as both stories employ it to address their characters’ grudging reliance on something besides themselves. The purpose of the figurative language present in the two stories diverges, however, when animal imagery is utilized. In â€Å"Dharma†, Chandra uses simile to express Jago Antia’s pain â€Å"as a beast of some sort, a low growling animal that†¦came rushing out to worry at his flesh† (Chandra 165). This quote suggests that Antia is a victim of the pain he is experiencing, and implies a weakness in Antia that is otherwise denied in the story. Animals are unusually perceptive of vulnerability, and the animal attacking Antia metaphorically conveys the potential for chinks in the armor of this man, previously considered by his men to be â€Å"invincible†¦[with] his ramrod straightness† (163). In â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man†, Englander’s animal imagery is, li ke Chandra’s, used to describe the body. However, Englander takes a more humorous, general approach to his imagery, and focuses it primarily on Moishe Bretzky, a man who was â€Å"huge, slovenly, and smelly as a horse† (Englander 249). This comparison seems to serve little purpose other than to emphasize Bretzky’s physicality—he is later called a â€Å"giant bear† as well—and to provide details allowing the reader to distinguish him from the other authors in the story (249). The last major common element of these two short stories is meta, or the inclusion of storytelling within the story itself. In the case of â€Å"Dharma†, it is easy to forget that the entire narrative regarding Jago Antia is in fact a story told by a man called Subramaniam in â€Å"a small, whispery voice† to a bar full of men, including the true narrator, who sets up the primary account, that of Jago Antia, by providing first-person context for the tale (Chandra 163). This beginning grounds the story somewhat, giving it a base in reality, but at the same time seems to do the opposite, as the supposedly true story appears to resemble a fable or legend. Englander, on the other hand, derives his meta from the path Pinchas Pelovits’s story takes during its short lifespan. Pelovits’s tale is â€Å"a shooting star†¦[one] to be extinguished along with the teller† and is all the more beautiful and precious for it (Englander 260). Englander’s use of the story’s path to creation, brief life, and eventual demise, is certainly an element of meta, but also is an aspect of the concept of the journey that is so evident in both â€Å"The Twenty-Seventh Man† and â€Å"Dharma†. The two short stories can both be described as stories within stories, and rather than featuring characters who come into themselves, they focus on the path that a story takes as it germinates from an idea into something capable of moving others. At the end of both short stories, the characters experience a moment of clarity, brought on by the fitting conclusions the stories featured in each reach.